Essay on Human Trafficking in America - 2109 Words

Human Trafficking in America Alexandria R. Bloom Northmor High School Human Trafficking in America Thesis: Many people are unaware of the amount of human trafficking happening in America. I. Victims II. Location and what happens III. Arrests, laws, and ringleaders IV. Money V. Escaping Human Trafficking in America Many people are surprised to hear that human trafficking is not just a problem outside of America’s borders and that it is becoming more of an American problem as time goes on. With only trading illegal drugs in front of it, human trafficking has become the world’s second largest criminal industry. The numbers are only estimations because most human trafficking is done secretly†¦show more content†¦In America the majority of humans targeted are females, both young girls and grown women. The adult women, most often between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four, are targeted, usually from different countries and then transported to America; however the young girls targeted come mainly from right here in America. There are also a small amount of males that are targeted and become part of human trafficking. Most of the males are young boys between the ages of eleven and thirteen, whereas the young girls are mainly between the ages o f twelve and fourteen. The young boys and girls that are targeted are usually from bad areas in America, such as those of poverty. The victims from countries outside of America are also usually living in poverty and are lured to America on false promises of good jobs such as waitresses, nannies, dancers, domestic servants, and house cleaners. Once to America the victims are completely stripped of all of their belongings such as passports, money, and any sort of identification they may happen to have. After the victims are stripped of their belongings nearly all of them are drugged, and then told, as Roebuck says, that they have to â€Å"pay off their debt† (2010, n.p). of the cost from shipping them from their native country to America. At the very beginning of the process the victims are given a set of rules that they, as sex slaves, must obey. Some of the most common rules include: no back talking, no rudeShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is in America1354 Words   |   5 PagesHuman Trafficking is in America, it’s in backyard and most don’t even know it. Many Americans believe that this horrible action only takes place in countries such as China, Japan, India, and Ghana but no; it happens in the United States also. The definition of human trafficking is the â€Å"illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation† (dictionary.com). Slavery was abolished in 1865 in the 13th amendment in the constitutionRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Destroying America1057 Words   |  5 Pages Slavery in the Twenty-First Century Human trafficking is the modern day form of slavery and its victims are, most commonly, the children of America (Kotria). The youth and millennials in this country are America’s future, the next generation’s guides into the world, and thousands of them every year are being taken and becoming victims to human trafficking within the U.S. These children are the backbone of America, within them could lie the greatest minds, most inspiring actors, and even a lifeRead MoreEssay on Role Of America in Human Trafficking1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe trafficking of human beings for slave labor and sexual exploitation is one of the fastest growing global problems. It has been called the dark side of globalization because an enormous upsurge of human enslavement has accompanied a border-free world economy (Miller). Trafficking in persons is a transnational crime that touches people in every nation, and even neighborhoods in this country. The vast reach of human trafficking stunned my own community, when we learned that a 12-year-old EgyptianRead MoreAmerica s Fight Against Human Trafficking1773 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States of America has been fighting human trafficking since the 1800s, when slavery happened to be was outlawed. Since then, several laws have been passed to help the fight against human trafficking. According to the Polaris Project, the â€Å"current federal laws† include the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, along with several reauthorizations of the Act during four separate years, the Tariff Act, the Customs and Facilitations and Trade Enforcement Act, the Racketeering Influenced CorruptRead MoreAmerica, Human Trafficking, And Why It Will Never Stop2411 Words   |  10 Pages America, Human Trafficking, and Why It Will Never Stop Gregory J Carnes Professor Caroline Zapor CRMJ499: Senior Seminar Capstone America, Human Trafficking, And Why It Will Never Stop ABSTRACT We must show new energy in fighting back an old evil. Nearly two centuries after the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade, and more than a century after slavery was officially ended in its last strongholds, the trade in human beings for any purpose must not be allowed to thrive inRead MoreHuman Trafficking From Latin America To Canada Essay1854 Words   |  8 PagesThe trafficking of humans for sexual purposes is being described as modern day slavery. The US State Department Trafficking in Persons 2008 report ranks Canada as a Tier One country, meaning Canada is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women and children (SIWSAG, 2009). Although not a top destination point for human traffickers, a conservative estimate states that approximately 800 people are trafficked into Canada annually. These people (mostly women and children) are transportedRead More Its Time to Stop Human Trafficking and Slavery in America Essay1982 Words   |  8 PagesStates has always ha d an industry where humans have sold other humans for profit. Although the United States abolished slavery and human trafficking with the thirteenth amendment in 1865, the human trafficking industry has not even begun to disappear, despite all the efforts made against it. Human trafficking is an issue that affects various people. As author Kevin Bales said in The Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking and Slavery in America Today, human trafficking is of â€Å"equal opportunity† (18). It canRead MoreThe Many Victims of Human Trafficking675 Words   |  3 Pageswomen and children are victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking is used for many purposes and benefits. Sex, forced labor and other forms of disgracing exploitation is dangerously happening worldwide. It’s necessary to know what the term trafficking means because it can be very misleading, trafficking places importance on the transaction aspect of a cruel crime, trafficking is more than described by the media. Enslavement is a word that can describe trafficking briefly and compactly, exploitationRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Global Crime1439 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking, by definition, is â€Å"the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.† Most people would say that human trafficking is a very serious crime that needs to be better regulated and the laws pertaining to it needs to be more enforced to help those enslaved within break free. Others may say that because human trafficking is such a large and worldwide â€Å"business† that makes millions each year, it will be extremely difficult toRead MoreThe Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking in out Backyard1456 Words   |  6 Pageshear about the crime of human trafficking they automatically refer it to sex exploitation by big time gang organizations. Sexual exploitation is a big chunk of the trafficking problem in America but in reading the book The Slave Next Door you can see that there are different types of work for human trafficking. One of the unique and underrated types of trafficking is in the type of domestic slavery. This type of trafficking is not as popular for gangs and other trafficking organizations because it

Machiavelli s The Prince - 850 Words

Ian Shields Mr. Bingham Politics and Lit. (p.7) 10/17/2003 Machiavelli s breakthrough: Sacrifice History s most prominent leaders have shown extreme congruence. These leaders almost always hold reality over ethics. How can we classify lying and manipulative leaders as immoral when their duplicity is the very reason a society can maintain stability? This idea has of means justifying the ends has been a staple in History s most prosperous of societies. Machiavelli s novel The Prince was the first stab at understanding this human tendency of what is now known as Machiavellian. Machiavelli grasped the sad reality of our world and did not fall prey to other s idealistic propaganda. Great leaders understand what the endless potential they hold, they can manipulate their followers to make best of what is possible and above all they understand sacrifice. Modern day Machiavellians and successful leaders think realistically and communicate through idealism. No matter the extremes of your belief, utilizing Machiavellian tactics have the capability to bring anyone to power. Machiavelli s the prince summarized the general concept behind the logic of leading, but it is hard to grasp this big idea without seeing the outcome of its appliance. Stalin, Hitler and other iron fisted leaders are often considered Machiavellian. While their motives and ambitions are widely accepted as immoral, their rise to power was absolutely genius. Hitler s ability to unify a collapsing nationShow MoreRelatedThe Prince Of Machiavelli s Prince1186 Words   |  5 Pagesleader that wields his power the most like Niccolo Machiavelli’s Prince, from his book The Prince, that leader is President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation. Although, Putin does not hold the title of Prince, he has held influential positions throughout the years, i.e. Prime Minister and Acting President, that hold power similar to the Prince. Every position that Putin has held in Russia he has acted as if he were a Prince. Putin has held such all-consuming control and influence over RussiaRead Mor eNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1719 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s, The Prince, a book written by Niccolà ² Machiavelli, is a read that most people wouldn’t prefer to read as a first option but in defense to Niccolo, it brings out many themes such as Goodwill and Hatred, Free will, and Human Nature. â€Å"It is known from his personal correspondence that The Prince was written during 1513, the year after the Medici took control of Florence, and a few months after Machiavelli s arrest, torture, and banishment by the Medici regime† (Bio.com). The novel wasRead MoreThe Machiavelli And Machiavelli s The Prince2348 Words   |  10 PagesI have always found great interest in the infamous Niccolo Machiavelli and his ways of thinking; my eye was drawn to him long before I knew I would be studying at Colorado State and even before I had any interest in politics. It was from young man know as Tupac Shakur, and let me tell you it is great to finally understand who Machiavelli is and the things he has done for the outlook on politics after hearing about how much respect and praise he got from the iconic rapper of the 1990s. In this paperRead MoreMachiavelli s The Prince And The Discourse Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesNiccolà ² Machiavelli wrote a book which called The Prince. It is about the political ideology of Machiavelli s political realism, which means the effective truth is taken to be more important than any abstract ideal. In this book, he talks about the importance of the concept of virtà º. He claimed that rulers have to suppress their personal virtues while sometimes committing improper acts in order to maintain powers and protect their principalities. In Discourses, Machiavelli becomes to extols theRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince879 Words   |  4 Pages Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 16th-century. His methods of acquiring and maintaining rule over people are not relevant in today’s modern American society. There are many principles that are still true in politics today, but the methods of ruling can no longer be used in American society today. Niccolà ² Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy in 1496. He was a diplomat in Italy s Florentine Republic for fourteen years. This was during the Medici family exile, and when they returned, MachiavelliRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince2212 Words   |  9 Pages Niccolà ² Machiavelli was an Italian diplomat, politician, writer and philosopher who lived during the Renaissance period. He was a significant contributor to modern political science, specifically in the field of political ethics. He wrote his most famous work, The Prince, after the Medici family had returned to power and he was removed from the political scene. The devious and corrupt sort of politicians he describes in The Prince serve as the inspiration for the now commonplace term â€Å"MachiavellianRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince892 Words   |  4 PagesNiccolà ² Machiavelli wrote The Prince with the sole purpose of impressing the Medici family and getting on the good side of the new ruler of Florence, Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici. By writing this â€Å"handbook to ruling,† Machiavelli hoped to sway the Medici to accept him as an ally and possible political advisor. He was extremely convincing as he used examples from the past as a â€Å"political l esson† to further distinguish his ideas as correct. By seeing the successes and failures of those in power, MachiavelliRead MoreAnalysis Of Machiavelli s The Prince 1505 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance in each text. Machiavelli believed that, â€Å"a ruler must think only of military matters, and in time of peace he should be even more occupied with them than in times of war† (The Prince, 46). Furthermore, â€Å"he will never relax during peacetime, but will always be working to take advantage of the opportunities peace presents, so he will be fully prepared when adversity comes. When his luck changes, he must be ready to fight back† (The Prince, 47). Therefore, according to Machiavelli during periods ofRead MoreMachiavelli s The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli1943 Words   |  8 PagesNiccolà ² Machiavelli’s The Prince is a book that examines the qualities and strategies required for a ruler in order to maintain power. Despite being composed in the 16th century, the ideas presented are applicable even to myt hical kings from texts over a thousand years ago. Throughout the story of Seneca’s Oedipus, substantial connections could be made between Oedipus and The Prince’s ideas of rule, such as methods in acquiring principalities, channeling subjects’ fear, the use of cruelty and controllingRead MoreAn Analysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince 941 Words   |  4 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli and Karl Marx developed theories concerning wealth and poverty in our society, as well as different types of governments. For instance, Machiavelli supported a capitalist economic system, unlike Marx, who embraced socialism in the society. Machiavelli wrote a book The Prince that explained how to be an effective leader. The theme of the book is the end justifies the means. A person could or should do whatever is necessary to achieve the desired goal. According to Machiavelli

Carbon Tax

Question: One of Australias largest exports is coal, the burning of which emits significant amounts of carbon dioxide. Using the economic concepts and models introduced in this unit, explain the key differences between a carbon tax and an emissions trading scheme.Critically evaluate the key arguments for and against the carbon tax. Using demand and supply analysis Illustrate how a carbon tax is expected to impact on the market price and quantity traded for a product that creates significant pollution during production Answer: Introduction Carbon tax is a tax that is levied on the carbon content of the fuels. It is considered as a form of carbon pricing. The green house gases emissions is caused by the combustion of the fossil fuels since it is closely related to the carbon content of the fuels. A tax is levied on these emissions in order to tax the carbon content of the fossil fuels at the time of the product cycle of the fuel. The key arguments for and against carbon tax In Favor of carbon tax The main reason behind the implementation of carbon tax is the reduction of carbon pollution. After implementation of the carbon tax, the total carbon pollution that occurs from consumption of electricity in the national energy market has reduced by 5.3 million tons in the 12 months to May 2014. Australia is one of the largest emitter of carbon pollution and the largest per capita. The reduction of the release of carbon has measurable impact on the carbon pollution in the atmosphere. The carbon intensive industries create negative externalities because the external cost of the emission of carbon is ignored. Carbon tax will put a limit to the emissions cost. The carbon tax will enable the business organizations and the consumers to plan their spending of energy and it will provide greater certainty in the investment decisions. The efficiency of the business organizations will increase. The large initial cost of investment can be saved. Carbon tax will be a source of revenue for the Go vernment. If the carbon tax is implemented then the government can reduce the other taxes. The carbon tax will be redirected to the most affected to ensure that the introduction of carbon tax will be revenue neutral. Against carbon tax It is argued that the carbon tax will not reduce the emission of the harmful toxic gases. The implementation of the carbon tax will not affect the carbon consumption. Thus the carbon tax will not have an favorable impact on the economy (une.edu.au, 2011). The level at which the tax will result in favorable outcome is yet not known. Thus the carbon tax will through various changes. This will create political issues in the country. The implementation of flat carbon tax will affect the low income families. The low income households will have to pay a higher tax rate. The implementation of carbon tax by a specific political party will create political vulnerability (Aph.gov.au, 2015). Affect of carbon tax on the demand and supply The industries releasing green house gases will be affected by the implementation of the carbon tax. With the implementation of the carbon tax, the cost of production of the industry will increase. With the rise in the cost of production the company has to increase the price of the product. The rise in the price of the product will reduce the demand for the product as the consumers will search for alternatives. This will reduce the supply of the product and the quantity produced will decline. The demand and supply curve will show the effect of carbon tax implementation. The difference between carbon tax and emission trading scheme Since July 2012, Australia has had set up its carbon estimating plan. It is normally alluded to as a "carbon tax", additionally as an "Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) with a settled cost". Also the arrangement is to move to an ETS with a skimming cost. An ETS lives up to expectations by setting a cap on emanations and obliging emitters to hold a license for every ton of Coà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ that they radiate. The level of the cap decides the quantity of grants accessible. In the event that emitters don't as of now hold a grant, they should either reduce their emanations or purchase a license from an alternate emitter, who should then curtail. This implies that an expense is forced on outflows, equivalent to the cost of purchasing or offering a license. Yet critically its not really the value that causes the general cuts in emanations. The cap decides the level of outflows, and the obliged cuts in discharges cause the cost (Kreiser, Duff, Milne Ashiabor, n.d.). That is, grants have a worth on the grounds that they permit you to abstain from making cuts in emissions. A carbon assessment is kind of the inverse. An expense is added to all outflows, equivalent to the level of the duty, and these reasons individuals to decrease. There i s no cap on discharges in an expense based framework. Individuals are allowed to radiate as much or as meager as they like, yet in the event that they do transmit, they must pay the assessment. Not at all like an ETS, under a carbon charge is it the value that decides the level of outflow (Stern, 2007). Economists contend that, if the business is left to work without any restrictions, green house gas emissions will be extreme; following there is lacking motivation for firms and families to diminish discharges. All things considered, they suggest applying the polluter pays rule and putting a cost on carbon dioxide and other nursery gasses (Sinclair, 2011). This can be actualized either through a carbon charge (known as a value instrument) or a top and-exchange conspire (a purported amount instrument). A carbon tax forces an expense on every unit of green house gas discharges and gives firms (and families, contingent upon the extension) a motivation to decrease contamination at whatever point doing so would cost short of what paying the assessment. Thus, the amount of contamination diminished relies on upon the level of tax paid. The expense is calculated by evaluating the expense or harm connected with every unit of contamination and the expenses connected with controlling that contamination. Getting the duty level right is key: excessively low and firms and family units are prone to select paying the assessment and keeping on polluting, well beyond what is ideal for society. Excessively high and the expenses will climb higher than would normally be appropriate to lessen discharges, affecting on benefits, occupations and end shoppers (Zhang, Zhang Zhang, 2013). By complexity, a cap and trade system sets a greatest level of contamination, a cap, and disperses emanations licenses among firms that create discharges. Organizations must have a grant to cover every unit of contamination they create, and they can acquire these licenses either through a starting allotment or closeout, or through exchanging with different firms. Since a few firms inescapably discover it simpler or less expensive to decrease contamination than others, exchanging happens. Whilst the greatest contamination amount is situated ahead of time, the exchanging cost of licenses vacillates, getting to be more costly when interest is high in respect to supply (for instance when the economy is developing) and less expensive when interest is lower (for instance in a retreat). A cost on contamination is subsequently made as a consequence of setting a roof on the general amount of discharges. In certain glorified circumstances, carbon expenses and cap and trade have precisely the s ame results, since they are both approaches to value carbon. Nonetheless, truly they vary from numerous points of view (ABC News, 2011). One distinction is the way the two approaches convey the expense of diminishing contamination. With cap and trade, it has frequently been the situation that allows is given out free of charge at first (known as "grandfathering"). This implies less expensive agreeability for industry in the early phases of the plan, on the grounds that they pay for any additional licenses purchased from different firms not for the starting tranche of grants given to them to cover the greater part of their outflows under 'the same old thing'. This methodology is clearly well known with industry and clarifies why grandfathering has been utilized, since it causes get firms to acknowledge controls on emanations in any case (Rckert, 2015). By complexity, with an assessment there is a prompt expense for organizations to pay on every unit of nursery gas delivered, so there is a greater introductory hit to the asset report. Anyway while grandfathering is better for close term business gainfulness, it is not so much the best result for society. Surely, it denies the administration of important incomes, which it could bring up in selling the licenses at first, and which could be utilized to lessen different expenses. What this implies for environmental change approach is wrangled about. In the short term, most economists concur that instability alone contends for an assessment. Environmental change relies on upon the load of nursery gasses in the climate, and in every year the increment in that stock because of new discharges is little, so the earth is most likely not that delicate to the vulnerability about the level of emanations realized by picking an expense, at minimum over a year or two. On the opposite side of the record, the expense of decreasing contamination is very touchy to changes in emanations, since it can be lavish to organizations to change their generation techniques suddenly. In the long haul, be that as it may, it is less clear whether an assessment is best, on the grounds that enormous changes in the load of nursery gasses in the climate may cause considerable natural harm. A few economists prescribe a cross breed model that may offer the best of both planets (The Conversatio n, 2011). This has a tendency to include a top on discharges (to control the amount of contamination), yet with modification systems, for example, a carbon value floor or roof, to keep the cost of a license inside satisfactory limits. Mixture plans have their own particular issues, in any case, for example, more prominent many-sided quality and more intercession by the controller in the license market. Whichever of these arrangements is favored to place a cost on carbon, they speak to only one of various approaches expected to cut nursery gas discharge (the Guardian, 2013) Conclusion Carbon tax and emission trading scheme are two ways of reducing the carbon emissions. This will prevent the formation of the green house gases which has adverse effects on the environment. The implementation of carbon tax will have negative impact on the production of certain products but it will protect the economy on a larger scale. References ABC News,. (2011). Explained: Carbon taxes, emissions trading and direct action. Aph.gov.au,. (2015). Carbon taxes Parliament of Australia. Kreiser, L., Duff, D., Milne, J., Ashiabor, H. Market based instruments. Rckert, K. (2015). Longlife: Development of standards, criteria, specifications (pp. 260-300). Sinclair, M. (2011). Let them eat carbon. London: Biteback. Stern, N. (2007). The economics of climate change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. The Conversation,. (2011). Explainer: The difference between a carbon tax and an ETS. the Guardian,. (2013). Carbon tax v cap-and-trade: which is better?. une.edu.au,. (2011). The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Australian Economy: Results from a CGE Model*. Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J. (2013). LISS 2012. Berlin: Springer.

Us china Essay Example For Students

Us china Essay Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War was over, making the U.S. the only superpower left in the world. This has made the international system much more tranquil, and relaxed. The only country potentially powerful besides the U.S., is China. Many Americans fear China, not only because they are communist, but also because of their huge population. Their population is 1.3 billion people, which accounts 1/5th of the worlds population. As one of the only potential superpowers in the world, it would be in the best interest of all Americans if the U.S. and China became allies, instead of enemies. Peace and development, economic prosperity and social progress, are goals that both of these two countries share. Unfortunately the world is full of many destabilizing factors. We have to figure out how to make the 21st century peaceful and stable, despite all of these factors. We will write a custom essay on Us china specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The U.S. and China are two awesome nations. One, being the largest developed nation in the world, the other one being the largest developing country in the world. Both are already permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The two countries also share common interests in making sure peace and stability is not only done in Asia, but the world at large. We both share common responsibilities in the promotion of global cooperation, and in the prevention of weapons of mass destruction, the crackdown on terrorism, drug trafficking, and other cross-border crimes, along with many other chief areas of primary concern. For example, there is a huge potential for cooperation between countries in the following areas: environmental protection, culture, energy, preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, promoting global economic cooperation, cracking down on international terrorism, cross-border crimes along with many other areas (5). China has been a communist country since the communist revolution took place in 1949, since then China has been ruled by the dictator Mao Tse-Tung. However the Chinese dictator died in September 1976, he was hailed abroad as one of the worlds great leaders. Certainly one of the more impressive aspects of the Chinese communist government, has been the willingness of the people to protest against it (3, pg. 4). China has been in a state of revolution and reform since the Sino-Japanese war of 1895. As a result of Japans victory over Russia in 1905, Chinas constitutional reform movement gathered momentum. This forced the Manchu government by public opinion to make gestures of preparation for a constitutional government, an act to which reformers in exile responded enthusiastically by establishing a Political Participation Society (Cheng-wen-she) (1, pg.84). The apparent willingness of the Manchu government to consider constitutional reform naturally removed some of the assumptions for revolution and impeded its progress. This helped to sharpen the already intense conflicts that occurred between the reformists and the revolutionaries. In efforts to check this unfavorable tide, the Chinese student revolutionaries in Tokyo extended their war of words to physical combat. Unfortunately the revolutionaries victory over the reformists in Tokyo was not equal to (5=Zhaoxing, Li, Seeking Common Ground, http://www.nyu.edu/globalbeat/asia/china/06221998zhaoxing.html) (3= Moody, Peter, Chinese Politics after Mao, copyright 1983, pg. 2)(1=Liew, K.S., Struggle for Democracy, copyright 1971, pg. 84-87) its battlefield victories against the Manchu government in this period. Instead they suffered many discouraging reverses. The failure of the uprisings on December 1906 caused the entire revolution to move to the southern provinces along the Hong Kong/Indo-China border (1, pg. 86). Between 1907 and 1908 six unsuccessful uprisings in South China were underwent by the Chinese League in South China. Do to deaths of Emperors and Empresss, control of the government fell into the hands of younger, very inexperienced Manchu princes. The intolerance and animosity these princes held towards non-Manchu statesmen, and overhasty indiscreet execution of centralization policy, cost them the service and affection of loyal and able Chinese officials. At the same time the reformers discredited themselves by having internal squabbles over money (1, pg.87). While all of this turmoil was going on in the country of China, its foreign relations were worsening. British troops entered Tibet, while the Russians pressed for treaty revisions respecting its trade relations with Mongolia and Sinkiang. The revolutionaries felt the urgency of overthrowing the Manchu dynasty as the prerequisite for dealing with their difficulties with foreign nations. They felt that the time for saving China was running out, and they must get rid of the incompetent Manchus (3).In 1911 the Chinese revolutionaries were not aware of the necessity or the techniques for organizing the masses for revolution. The majority of the Chinese did not even take part in the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Participation was confined to students, soldiers, members of secret societies, and some government officials. It is said that the revolutionaries neglect of socialist principles greatly contributed to the failure of the 1911 revolution.This is because they failed to broaden the basi s of their revolution to include peasants. This 1911 revolution provided China with its very first chance at adopting democracy, but its failure drove many to take the opposite course of action. Many began to doubt the validity of democracy under Chinese conditions, after this revolution failed (1, pg. 198-200). The Pro-democracy demonstrations in Beijing and other cities from April to June 1989 were more than just an episodic expression of popular discontent with the Chinese government. Of prime importance was the non-violent nature of the protesters. The extraordinary self-discipline of the one-million-strong demonstrations was a testimony to the populations collective awareness that violence would only destroy the movements moral force. Chinas leaders fostered profound distrust, and mutual suspicion among the population by cynically manipulating popular discontent and encouraging strife for their narrow ideological goals. In contrast, 1989 witnessed the forming of a genuine civil society in urban China as popular consciousness was created among the different groups and individuals. The massive support for the student movement in 1989 indicated a profound rupture between state and society, and in the long-lasting divisions between the intellectuals and the people (2, pg. 131-3). Most of th e U.S.s problems in its relations with China stem from human rights abuses that their government has done to its people. In the spring of 1989, an unprecedented popular movement in Beijing and other cities peacefully challenged the authority of the government, only to be crushed by military force. Chinese tanks and machine guns crushed student pro-democracy demonstrations in Beijings Tiananmen Square, which killed, wounded, and imprisoned thousands of peaceful protesters. .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 , .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .postImageUrl , .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 , .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8:hover , .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8:visited , .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8:active { border:0!important; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8:active , .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8 .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf9cc0f34d271cefd49b3497ab40b82c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An inquiry into ophelias madne Essay(2=Saich, Tony The Chinese Peoples Movement copyright 1990, pg. 131-133)In the immediate aftermath of Chinas greatest political crisis since the communist takeover in 1949, the regime attempted to regain legitimacy that was lost during one nights carnage by the Peoples Liberation Army that resulted in over a thousand innocent civilian deaths. To defend the crackdown on both the domestic and the international fronts the Chinese government warned that any recurrence of popular protests would be summarily crushed (2). China was our ally in WWII, fighting against Japan. But after the communist revolution of 1949, things changed, China became an enemy. The estimated annual defense budget of china is $8.7 billion dollars, however the expenditures have been estimated at ten times that amount at $87 billion dollars. That is still less than a third of what the U.S. defense budget is at $265. $87 billion 1/3 of Americas defense budget is not a lot of money considering the fact that there population is almost three times the size the U.S. has. The political fallout from the Tiananmen crisis shaped much of Chinas political landscape after 1989. Extensive organizational measures were adopted to squelch political conflicts within the Chinese Communist Party and the Peoples Liberation Army, and to tighten control over colleges, factories, and villages. The lessons of the 1989 pro-democracy movement was that a ruling Communist party could not tolerate liberalization (4,pgs. 1-3)The serious hard-line communist resisted any, and all of the propositions that would involve any political change that might threaten the one-party dictatorship, thus condemning Western Cultural and political influence in China. Moderate components in the party, forced on the defensive by the 1989 crackdown, appealed for incremental (4=Sullivan, Lawrence R., China Since Tiananmen copyright 1994, pgs. 1-2) institutional alterations and advocated even bigger openness to the West. The pair agreed that unless high-level corruption was stopped, the country faced dissolved political instability. Some among the leadership even feared a similar breakup to that of Yugoslavia (4, pg. 2). Despite outward appearances of strength, the Chinese leadership has been revealed as weak, divided internally, and unable to keep up with the forces of change that has been sweeping much of the Communist world. While the leaders maintain short-term power, they cannot maintain without upkeep of the key sectors of their urban society. The present policy prescriptions can be summarized as back to the future. The old politicians who dominate Chinas politics dream of a bygone golden age when political stability and solid economic prospering under an essentially Soviet-style economy, when it was clear who the friends and enemies were (2, pg.viii). China and the U.S. have been through many different phases of friendship together. We have gone from allies (WWII) to enemies (Cold War). There has been a great deal of tension between the two countries over human rights violations, like the Tiananmen Square massacre that happened in 1989. In this massacre thousands of Chinese students were murde red for holding pro-democracy demonstrations. This resulted in an angered President George Bush suspending all high-level governmental exchanges. After having been suspended in 1951, most-favored nation status was restored to China in 1980 conditionally under the Jackson-Vanik freedom-of-emigration amendment of the Trade Act of 1974 and must be renewed annually (7, pg. 2). (7=Pregelj, Vladimir, Most Favored-Nation Status of China, http://www.fas.org/man/crs/92-094.htm) Most Favored Nation Status (MFN) can be withdrawn from China in several ways: (1) by appropriate direct legislation enacted through regular legislative process; (2) by using the specific means provided in the Trade Act of 1974 for denying MFN status to a country that had it restored under that law, i.e., by the fast-track enactment of a joint resolution disapproving the mid-year annual renewal of the Jackson-Vanik waiver authority with respect to China, if such renewal is recommended by the President, or (3) by the Pr esidents failure to recommend such renewal with respect to China in the first place (e.g., for noncompliance with the Jackson-Vanik requirements). China also can lose its MFN status if the agreement is terminated, upon notice, at the end of a term or if the 3-year extension of the U.S.-China trade agreement does not take place because the President declines to make the required determination (7, pg. 3 paragraph 5). In 1995 the Trade Subcommittee of the House Ways and Means Committee, anticipating the 1995 Presidential extension of the waiver, on May 23, 1995, held a hearing on the U.S.-China trade relations and renewal of Chinas MFN status. The extension itself, without additional conditions, took place on June 2, 1995, by Presidential Determination 95-23 (60 FR 31047; H.Doc. 104-82) and was followed by the introduction of resolutions disapproving the extension (H.J.Res. 96 and S.J.Res. 37). H.J.Res. 96 was reported adversely (H.Rept. 104-188), considered under a rule (H.Res.139;H.Rept. 104-194) and tabled July 20, 1995, by a yea-and-nay vote of the House (321-107). This action precluded the enactment of the companion measure (S.J. Res. 37)(7, pg. 4 paragraph #3). .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 , .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .postImageUrl , .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 , .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906:hover , .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906:visited , .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906:active { border:0!important; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906:active , .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906 .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u09f4d240f75041ba50c7783683d48906:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby - Comparison Of Gatsby And Tom Buchanan EssayChina is a country that has been victimized by foreigners many different times throughout history. It was not until the twentieth century that China started to recover some degree of self-government, and independence. Many believe that China will become more like the western countries, meaning more materialistic, non-ideological, and this will result in a freer culture and politics. China is currently emerging as a great power, and a potential rival to the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean. It is felt they are trying to replace the U.S. as the dominant power in Asia, meaning the U.S. is seen as a chief obstacle to its o wn strategic ambitions. This can be seen as an attempt of China to account for centuries of humiliating weakness, and establishing China as a center for a global civilization. This is feared because this will challenge U.S. global supremacy.What is the U.S. so afraid of? Is it, that the county with a fifth of the worlds population is trying to become the worlds second biggest superpower?In 1994 President bill Clinton renewed Chinas most favored nation trading status, this guaranteed Chinas privileged access to U.S. markets. Currently many U.S. companies do business in China making huge profits. With U.S. corporations making a ton of money in China, does this mean that Capitalism is only a step away in China?China poses very little of a military threat to the U.S., even though they are currently engaged in one of the most extensive and rapid military build-ups in the world. This is said, because China is the third-largest nuclear power in the world, and the only one in Asia. There is little to fear though, Chinas most advanced warplane is the equal to the late 1960s U.S. warplane. Even better is the fact that the Japanese aircrafts are much more superior to their Chinese counterparts. China can not offset Japans ability to produce a 21st century aircraft. China is very distant from occupying a power plant, avionics, and metallurgy engineering that are essential to make a plane that can take-off and land on an aircraft carrier in any type of weather (4, pg. 36-38). The U.S. must offer China much more than just the opportunity to follow the rules. They must come up with a new and appropriate policy of engagement that will require acknowledging the Chinese interests that will accommodate both of our countries. This is needed to prevent nuclear proliferation on the Korean peninsula. We must also accommodate the Chinese interests in Sino-Pakistani security ties. These steps will require Washington DC to admit the economic causes of trade imbalances and how the Chinese government has limited ability to make sure their domestic laws and their international commitments work (3, pg.89-91). Of course these steps give the U.S. little guarantee that the engagement of our two countries will really work. It will take negotiations on both sides to make hard policy adjustments and to seek a compromise to a solution. Washington will have to guard the unilateral interests that it has. This means maintaining current duty stations in Asia where U.S. soldiers are deployed. Retrenchment would do more to effect the Sino-American bilateral equilibrium of power than any combo of Chinese Military and economic platforms would. This U.S. should not rely on compulsive measures for Chinese cooperation. These compulsive measures would produce a renewed sense of tension in Sino-American relations that would result in heightened instability in East Asia. The U.S. has such a strategic head start on China, causing Washington to have the break of sitting back and watching China modernize before they go adding a more positive approach to the China-U.S. relations 6, pg.3). China is vulnerable to neighboring countries that crowd China on all borders. This results in serious security problems within Chinese borders. This has caused U.S. (6=Yebai, Zhang, Sino-U.S. Relations, (http://www.china2thou.com/9910p2.htm)President Bill Clintons problems dealing with China. In 1998 Bill Clinton was accused of looking the other way to the internal abuses, and the exportation of harmful weapons, and their aggressive behavior in the international arena. This is believed to go on because he took secret campaign contributions to his party from the Chinese. It is hoped that eventually all of the facts and mysteries concerning China will all be sorted out and dealt with appropriately. Hopefully the election of George Bush, a new, hopefully competent U.S. President, can get things taken care of more appropriately than Bill Clinton did.Over the long term, it is felt that we are most likely to be dealing with China, no longer ruled by the communist party but with a reform-mi nded leadership. This should be on the minds of future policy-makers tackling short-term strategic issues. Even before the events of the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, foreign business was becoming more realistic of the China market. It is felt that China is a great source of income for U.S. business. So why dont we give that 1/5th of the world a chance? All we can do now, is sit back and watch the future events, to know what is going on with China, and how the U.S. is impacted by the future developments, that China makes. Bibliography: